Reduce the Use of Gateway Drugs - Revision history

Snkennedy3327 at 19:40, 23 October 2019

2019-10-23T19:40:52Z

Billb at 02:37, 1 October 2019

2019-10-01T02:37:27Z

Billb at 02:36, 1 October 2019

2019-10-01T02:36:17Z

Billb at 02:35, 1 October 2019

2019-10-01T02:35:30Z

Maintenance script: Imported from text file

2018-11-27T08:30:59Z

Imported from text file

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<div id="content_view" class="wiki" style="display: block">

=Reduce the Use of Gateway Drugs=
Return to [[Opioid Top-Level Strategy Map]]<br /> <br /> <div id="toc">
=Table of Contents=
<div style="margin-left: 1em">[[#Statistics|Statistics]]</div><div style="margin-left: 1em">[[#Study on Risk Factors Leading to Opioid Misuse|Study on Risk Factors Leading to Opioid Misuse]]</div><div style="margin-left: 1em">[[#Information on Legalizing Recreational Marijuana|Information on Legalizing Recreational Marijuana]]</div><div style="margin-left: 1em">[[#Promising Programs & Practices|Promising Programs & Practices]]</div><div style="margin-left: 2em">[[#Promising Programs & Practices-High School Sports|High School Sports]]</div><div style="margin-left: 1em">[[#Tools & Resources|Tools & Resources]]</div><div style="margin-left: 1em">[[#Scorecard Building|Scorecard Building]]</div><div style="margin-left: 1em">[[#Resources to Investigate|Resources to Investigate]]</div><div style="margin-left: 1em">[[#Sources|Sources]]</div></div>
=Statistics=

* Drugs like marijuana and cocaine are not nearly as significant of a gateway drug to heroin as prescription painkillers.
People addicted to prescription painkillers are 40 times more likely to abuse heroin, according to the CDC's report. By comparison, cocaine users are 15 times more likely to use heroin and marijuana users are just three times more likely to use heroin, the CDC noted.<sup class="reference">[1]</sup> In addition, those with alcohol use disorder are 18 times more likely to use prescription drugs than nondrinkers, according to a NIDA-funded study.<sup class="reference">[2]</sup><br /> <br /> Yet for some, intentional misuse of prescription drugs follows experimentation or regular use of other drugs.<br /> Half of young people who inject heroin surveyed in three recent studies reported using prescription drugs before using heroin <sup class="reference">[3]</sup><br /> The CDC blamed over 33,000 deaths on opioids in 2015, less than half of which were linked to pain medication. However, painkillers still are a gateway drug for many users. In Ohio, nearly two-thirds of the people who overdosed on heroin or fentanyl received at least one opioid prescription in the seven years before their deaths.<sup class="reference">[4]</sup><br /> While most people who misuse prescription opioids do not go on to use heroin, the small percentage (about four percent) who do account for a majority of people recently initiating heroin use.<sup class="reference">[5]</sup><br /> <br />
=Study on Risk Factors Leading to Opioid Misuse=
The National Monitoring of Adolescent Prescription Stimulants Study (N-MAPSS) was conducted from 2008 to 2011. Participants 10–18 years of age were recruited from entertainment venues in urban, rural and suburban areas of 10 US cities. Participants completed a survey including questions on their use of prescription opioids. The study found:<br />

* Youth were more likely to report opioid NMU (Non Medical Use) if they reported past 30 day marijuana and alcohol use, compared to never use.
* Both males and females were more likely to have opioid NMU if they were smokers.
Learn more about that study and related studies.<sup class="reference">[6]</sup><br />
=Information on Legalizing Recreational Marijuana=
While more states are legalizing recreational marijuana, the statistics coming out of Colorado raise significant concerns about the impact of that policy approach.<br /> [https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2018/04/20/colorado-governor-marijuana-hickenlooper-column/533731002/]<br />
=Promising Programs & Practices=
==High School Sports==
High School students who are active in sports are much less likely to use marijuana.<sup class="reference">[7]</sup><br /> <br /> Physicians are also starting to better screen patients whom they believe are abusing drugs. The Drug Abuse Screening test is an instrument used for clinical screening and treatment evaluation. It is composed of 28 self reported items that yields a qualitative index of problems related to drug abuse. <sup class="reference">[8]</sup> If physicians are able to deter the distribution of highly addictive prescription medications to people how have a history of drug abuse, then less people will have access to this gateway drug.<br />
=Tools & Resources=
[[TR - Reduce the Use of Gateway Drugs]]<br />
=Scorecard Building=
[[PO - Reduce Use of Gateway Drugs|Potential Objective Details]]<br /> [[PM - Reduce Use of Gateway Drugs|Potential Measures and Data Sources]]<br /> [[PA - Reduce Use of Gateway Drugs|Potential Actions and Partners]]<br />
=Resources to Investigate=
[[More RTI on Gateway Drugs|RTI - Reduce the Use of Gateway Drugs]]<br /> <br /> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px">'''<span style="color: #4d4d4d">PAGE MANAGER</span>:''' </span><span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #ff0000; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px">[insert name here]</span><br /> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px">'''<span style="color: #4d4d4d">SUBJECT MATTER EXPERT</span>''': </span><span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #ff0000; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px">[fill out table below]</span><br />
{| class="wiki_table"
| '''Reviewer'''<br />
| '''Date'''<br />
| '''Comments'''<br />
|-
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|}
<br />
=Sources=

----

# [http://www.cbsnews.com/news/heroin-use-rising-among-women-and-wealthy/]
# [https://www.drugrehab.com/guides/gateway-drugs/]
# [https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/heroin/how-heroin-linked-to-prescription-drug-abuse]
# [http://speciosa.org/cdc-painkillers-no-longer-driving-opioid-epidemic-pain-news-network/]
# [http://speciosa.org/cdc-painkillers-no-longer-driving-opioid-epidemic-pain-news-network/]
# [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306460317301351]
# [http://preventionpluswellness.com/2016/10/sports-prevents-marijuana-use-2/]
# [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0306460382900053]
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 #[http://preventionpluswellness.com/2016/10/sports-prevents-marijuana-use-2/ [8]]
 #[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0306460382900053 [9]]
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+<div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="wiki" id="content_view" style="display: block">
 Return to [[Opioid_Top-Level_Strategy_Map|Opioid Top-Level Strategy Map]]<br/> &nbsp; __TOC__
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 = Study on Risk Factors Leading to Opioid Misuse =
- The National Monitoring of Adolescent Prescription Stimulants Study (N-MAPSS) was conducted from 2008 to 2011. Participants 10–18 years of age were recruited from entertainment venues in urban, rural and suburban areas of 10 US cities. Participants completed a survey including questions on their use of prescription opioids. The study found:
+The National Monitoring of Adolescent Prescription Stimulants Study (N-MAPSS) was conducted from 2008 to 2011. Participants 10–18 years of age were recruited from entertainment venues in urban, rural and suburban areas of 10 US cities. Participants completed a survey including questions on their use of prescription opioids. The study found:
-−
 *Youth were more likely to report opioid NMU (Non Medical Use) if they reported past 30 day marijuana and alcohol use, compared to never use.
@@ Line 24: / Line 23: @@
 = Information on Legalizing Recreational Marijuana =
- While more states are legalizing recreational marijuana, the statistics coming out of Colorado raise significant concerns about the impact of that policy approach.
+While more states are legalizing recreational marijuana, the statistics coming out of Colorado raise significant concerns about the impact of that policy approach.<br/> [https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2018/04/20/colorado-governor-marijuana-hickenlooper-column/533731002/ [1]]
-  [https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2018/04/20/colorado-governor-marijuana-hickenlooper-column/533731002/ [1]]
+&nbsp;
 = Promising Programs & Practices =
@@ Line 32: / Line 31: @@
 == High School Sports ==
- High School students who are active in sports are much less likely to use marijuana.<sup class="reference">[7]</sup>
+High School students who are active in sports are much less likely to use marijuana.<sup class="reference">[7]</sup>
-−
-   Physicians are also starting to better screen patients whom they believe are abusing drugs. The Drug Abuse Screening test is an instrument used for clinical screening and treatment evaluation. It is composed of 28 self reported items that yields a qualitative index of problems related to drug abuse. <sup class="reference">[8]</sup> If physicians are able to deter the distribution of highly addictive prescription medications to people how have a history of drug abuse, then less people will have access to this gateway drug.
+&nbsp; Physicians are also starting to better screen patients whom they believe are abusing drugs. The Drug Abuse Screening test is an instrument used for clinical screening and treatment evaluation. It is composed of 28 self reported items that yields a qualitative index of problems related to drug abuse. <sup class="reference">[8]</sup> If physicians are able to deter the distribution of highly addictive prescription medications to people how have a history of drug abuse, then less people will have access to this gateway drug.
-−
 = Tools & Resources =
@@ Line 74: / Line 74: @@
 #[http://preventionpluswellness.com/2016/10/sports-prevents-marijuana-use-2/ [8]]
 #[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0306460382900053 [9]]
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 = Reduce the Use of Gateway Drugs =
-Return to [[Opioid_Top-Level_Strategy_Map|Opioid Top-Level Strategy Map]]<br/> &nbsp; <div id="toc">
-__TOC__
+Return to [[Opioid_Top-Level_Strategy_Map|Opioid Top-Level Strategy Map]]<br/> &nbsp; __TOC__
 = Statistics =
@@ Line 72: / Line 74: @@
 #[http://preventionpluswellness.com/2016/10/sports-prevents-marijuana-use-2/ [8]]
 #[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0306460382900053 [9]]
-</div> </div> </div>
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+<div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="wiki" id="content_view" style="display: block">
 = Reduce the Use of Gateway Drugs =
-=Reduce the Use of Gateway Drugs=
+Return to [[Opioid_Top-Level_Strategy_Map|Opioid Top-Level Strategy Map]]<br/> &nbsp; <div id="toc">
-Return to [[Opioid Top-Level Strategy Map]]<br /> <br /> <div id="toc">
+__TOC__
-* Drugs like marijuana and cocaine are not nearly as significant of a gateway drug to heroin as prescription painkillers.
+= Statistics =
-People addicted to prescription painkillers are 40 times more likely to abuse heroin, according to the CDC's report. By comparison, cocaine users are 15 times more likely to use heroin and marijuana users are just three times more likely to use heroin, the CDC noted.<sup class="reference">[1]</sup> In addition, those with alcohol use disorder are 18 times more likely to use prescription drugs than nondrinkers, according to a NIDA-funded study.<sup class="reference">[2]</sup><br /> <br />  Yet for some, intentional misuse of prescription drugs follows experimentation or regular use of other drugs.<br />  Half of young people who inject heroin surveyed in three recent studies reported using prescription drugs before using heroin <sup class="reference">[3]</sup><br />  The CDC blamed over 33,000 deaths on opioids in 2015, less than half of which were linked to pain medication. However, painkillers still are a gateway drug for many users. In Ohio, nearly two-thirds of the people who overdosed on heroin or fentanyl received at least one opioid prescription in the seven years before their deaths.<sup class="reference">[4]</sup><br />  While most people who misuse prescription opioids do not go on to use heroin, the small percentage (about four percent) who do account for a majority of people recently initiating heroin use.<sup class="reference">[5]</sup><br /> <br />
+</div>
-=Study on Risk Factors Leading to Opioid Misuse=
+*Drugs like marijuana and cocaine are not nearly as significant of a gateway drug to heroin as prescription painkillers.
   The National Monitoring of Adolescent Prescription Stimulants Study (N-MAPSS) was conducted from 2008 to 2011. Participants 10–18 years of age were recruited from entertainment venues in urban, rural and suburban areas of 10 US cities. Participants completed a survey including questions on their use of prescription opioids. The study found:<br />
 {| class="wiki_table"
 |-
-| <br />
+| '''Reviewer'''
-| <br />
+| '''Date'''
-| <br />
+| '''Comments'''
 |}
-<br />
-=Sources=
+&nbsp;
 ----
-# [http://www.cbsnews.com/news/heroin-use-rising-among-women-and-wealthy/]
+#[http://www.cbsnews.com/news/heroin-use-rising-among-women-and-wealthy/ [2]]
-# [https://www.drugrehab.com/guides/gateway-drugs/]
+#[https://www.drugrehab.com/guides/gateway-drugs/ [3]]
-# [https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/heroin/how-heroin-linked-to-prescription-drug-abuse]
+#[https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/heroin/how-heroin-linked-to-prescription-drug-abuse [4]]
-# [http://speciosa.org/cdc-painkillers-no-longer-driving-opioid-epidemic-pain-news-network/]
+#[http://speciosa.org/cdc-painkillers-no-longer-driving-opioid-epidemic-pain-news-network/ [5]]
-# [http://speciosa.org/cdc-painkillers-no-longer-driving-opioid-epidemic-pain-news-network/]
+#[http://speciosa.org/cdc-painkillers-no-longer-driving-opioid-epidemic-pain-news-network/ [6]]
-# [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306460317301351]
+#[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306460317301351 [7]]
-# [http://preventionpluswellness.com/2016/10/sports-prevents-marijuana-use-2/]
+#[http://preventionpluswellness.com/2016/10/sports-prevents-marijuana-use-2/ [8]]
-# [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0306460382900053]
+#[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0306460382900053 [9]]
-</div>
+</div> </div> </div>